Linea Language Wiki v4.14.3

Complete reference documentation for the Linea programming language

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Variables Loops Functions Pointers Arrays SQL/SQLite Hash/Security Git Web/Framework OOPS Language Spec Media/CV/Camera Operators ML/AI Full Guide

Basics

Variables & Type Annotations

Complete guide to the @ syntax and variable declarations

int, float, str, bool, arrays, matrices, tensors

Literals & Constants

How to write integer, float, string, and array literals

Control Flow

Loop Structures

for loops with ~ syntax, while loops, break/continue

if/else/elif statements and ternary expressions

Pattern Matching

match expressions, guards, and exhaustiveness checking

Functions

Function Basics

Declaration, parameters, return types, recursion

Advanced Functions

Generics, decorators (@gpu, @async, @inference)

Lambdas & Macros

Inline lambdas and Rust-style macro_rules declarations

Memory & Pointers

Pointers & References

ptr datatype, &, *, pointer arithmetic

Advanced Pointer Operations

Pointer arrays, function pointers, safety

Collections

Arrays & Vectors

Array syntax, dynamic vectors, indexing, slicing

Matrices & Tensors

2D and N-dimensional operations, reshaping, broadcasting

String literals, concatenation, formatting, operations

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

+, -, *, /, %, ** (power), modulo operations

Logical Operators

and, or, not logical operations

Comparison Operators

==, !=, <, >, <=, >=

~ operator, ranges with steps, dynamic ranges

Machine Learning

ML Fundamentals

Tensors, matrices, basic ML operations

Neural Network Layers

Dense, Conv2D, Activation functions

Training loops, optimizers, backpropagation, loss functions

Inference & @inference Mode

Gradient-free inference, @inference decorator

GGUF support plus ONNX/PTH/MLX loaders and examples

Advanced Topics

GPU Computation

@gpu decorator, compute modes, device selection (dGPU > iGPU > CPU)

Asynchronous Programming

@async decorator, futures, concurrency patterns

import, module paths, namespacing, scoping

OOPS: class + obj

Simple class/object model with Constructor, this/super, and strict var-vs-obj type rules

System Programming

Filesystem, environment, process execution, timing, threads

Simple wrappers for status, branch, log, add, commit, push, pull

Web Server + Framework

HTTP serving primitives and Django-like project tooling

GUI Toolkit (Compiled Runtime)

Build native windows with gui::window and gui::buttonWindow

Error types, exception handling, try-catch

Language Specification

Formal grammar, typing rules, imports, and diagnostics behavior

I/O & Standard Library

display, input, formatted output

CSV reading, writing, parsing

HTTP requests, responses, API integration

SQL/SQLite Library

Safe SQLite queries, parameter binding, secure DB locking

Password & Security Library

Password hashing, verification, CLI/GUI masked prompts

Hash & Security Utilities

SHA-256/SHA-512/MD5, tokens, random bytes, constant-time compares

DB, File I/O, and Low-Level

`db` alias, `fileio` operations, and bit/byte primitives

Fun & UUID Libraries

Randomized helpers and UUID generation utilities

Blockchain + GPU + Memory

Proof-of-work, GPU vendor/iGPU detection, and low/mid-level memory APIs

Media + CV + Camera

Video/audio/image APIs, OpenCV-like helpers, and camera access primitives

Switch + Ternary + Conditionals

switch/case/default, ternary operator, and one-line conditional syntax

Best Practices

Common Patterns

Design patterns, idioms, common solutions

Performance Tips

Optimization, profiling, best practices for speed